HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HRM - Essay Example Just a trough with extraordinary ability can recognize the necessary changes right way. In the event that an organization neglects to comprehend the necessary changes, it would stand up to with emergencies as it misconstrues the side effects as main problems to be tended to. The accompanying piece of the paper will talk about how an organization can distinguish the requirement for change from its inward and outer situations. 1. Strange decrease in turnover: this is the fundamental sign that would incite each firm to recognize the scope of business benefit. Associations generally survey past years’ inspected asset report with expectation to research the common business pattern just as the hierarchical supportability. Similarly if the operational expense is discovered surpassing the benefit got from the business, it demonstrates the requirement for some vital changes in the business activity. Nonetheless, the particular region of progress can be distinguished uniquely through fu rther examination. Apparently, a large portion of the issues, regardless of related with monetary angles or market backfires, are ascribed to HR disappointment. 2. Vital disappointments: If a portion of the as of late executed promoting systems are not all around reacted, the organization should audit them to distinguish the reasons for disappointment. Disappointment may not be fundamentally because of their unfitness however can happen in light of various immediate or aberrant components identified with business. Undoubtedly, a very much planned technique can be vanquished just by the mibehaviour of at least one people. At the end of the day, how well a methodology is actualized is a higher priority than the nature of its structure. 3. Dishonest practices: Organizational offense is a significant side effect that demonstrates the certainty of progress, maybe explicitly in the zone of HRM and authoritative structure. The majority of the false exercises happen because of the wasteful inner correspondence and examining. Current associations notice veritable worry to improve inward correspondence by incorporating different divisions with the assistance of online advancements. By doing so they can without much of a stretch deal with the issues related with data sharing and critical thinking. Diagnosing the reason isn't the end however the underlying advance of any treatment procedure. When the requirement for change is distinguished a firm needs to continue with planning and actualizing pertinent changes that would upgrade the general attachment of the association. There are various issues an association needs to think about while starting changes. As Dunphy (249) cautions, most significant one among them is to deliver employees’ protection from change which would raise a few moral concerns. An authoritative culture that was shaped over years can't be modified for the time being. A change can happen effectively just if individuals in an association understan d that the association must change its present culture and practices so as to guarantee the firm’s manageability and progress. Notwithstanding, the procedure requires members’ profound comprehension of the requirement for change, their responsibility to achieve it, and the compelling method of conveying it. The understanding alludes to the information about the current culture and its effects on the firm, the foreseen advantage of the new framework, and the genuine objective it would accomplish. This information can be procured by surveying the degree to which the current culture has helped the firm to meet its strategic, and qualities as to business points and social concerns. 2 Organizations

Teamwork is a wonderful word people like to use bu Essay Example For Students

Cooperation is a brilliant word individuals like to utilize bu Essay t few really accept in. The way of thinking behind group has to do with a gathering of people with numerous varying methods and thoughts meeting up to achieve similar objectives. We will compose a custom exposition on Teamwork is a magnificent word individuals like to utilize bu explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Defined:Team-a gathering of creatures displayed or performing together, as ponies in an equestrian show. At that point a partner would be a kindred individual from the group. This can be killed through basic standards. These standards will upgrade the work spot and give every individual the confidence and certainty to make progress toward their best without the negatives that are imbued into todays arrangement of uncertainty and untrusting ways. Deming gave numerous models how the board is the way in to the group. Objectives and apparatuses to achieve these objectives are approved or on the other hand denied through administration. This paper will show instances of Demings Points by and by toward a military objective. Here are a couple of the Deming Points saw against the scenery of the military from a more minor perspective, however could without much of a stretch be expanded to immerse the whole government forthcoming. Improvement can be cultivated all around us: in the flexibly framework, in the manner in which we perform investigations, preparing our new individuals, and the perspectives between offices or shops. The act of granting an agreement to an alternate provider each time a m is required or contract is composed is shocking. Each time a gear thing is required the gracefully framework searches for the thing in its stock. At the point when the specific thing isn't discovered at that point fitting providers are then connected related by their capacity to convey the necessary material or thing. The framework the positions the providers by: last time utilized, minority claimed organization, impaired individuals working there, and so forth. Another provider doesn't generally deliver a similar gadget as the one purchased from another provider. For example: a breaker can be provided by nearly anybody ready to make a wire, however when a bit of gear indicates a two ampere fifteen volt moderate blow combine, at that point that is what is required. No type circuit will do. At that point some have the wire required yet they just last a couple working hours and others have an any longer capacity. There is certainly a contrast in the predetermined thing got, regardless of how indistinguishable they appear. Cost and difference in provider appear to be the standard. This act of getting distinctive thing each time hauls down the coherence furthermore, the nature of the final result. By changing the front end materials this diminishes the quality by adding another red dab to the blend. At the point when a white dab is requested and required, at that point a white dab is have to achieve the mission or on the other hand objective. Because twelve or 200 distinct wholesalers have the same thing doesn't imply that they are indistinguishable in quality, for example, continuance capacity, and so forth. Accessibility of the material will likewise become an integral factor, does this provider have the things prepared consistently? Does he/she know the necessities of the client? At the point when two gatherings of individuals get into an understanding together they start helping each other by being there for one another. At whatever point their necessities develop or disappear then they can repay by changing however, and this additionally makes a difference change the more extended the relationship endures the better the nature of administration and nature of the things provided. On the off chance that the provider will get proficient as to what number of, about when, and so forth then this will end up being a phenomenal wellspring of gadgets or on the other hand whatever. At the point when the specialist orders from a similar organization a few times then he/she turns out to be truly agreeable and happy with the item that is gotten from the provider. The client consistently needs to recognize what they are .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c , .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .postImageUrl , .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c , .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:hover , .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:visited , .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:active { border:0!important; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:active , .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9d2bcb2808 20dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9d2bcb280820dd3e8b923fbe24617b0c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquency Essayordering is to the details that THEY need. With an alternate provider each time this diminishes the information on what is required. Likewise a special reward would be that when a similar provider would be utilized then the pressure of the requesting staff would not need to make a solid effort to get the particulars across once more. Rather the thing is as of now being produced and is prepared to be sent. This would reduce numerous issues that happen regularly to the flexibly framework and .

Professional Gamer How to Make a Living from Your Hobby

Professional Gamer How to Make a Living from Your Hobby The idea of making money by just playing games may seem crazy to many but the truth is it’s possible and gaming greats like Jonathan ‘Fatal1ty’ and ‘Lee Flash Young’ are proof of that fact. In addition to money, recognized pro-gamers may qualify for the US P-1 visa so that they can earn a salary and stay in the U.S. while playing there.However at the same time, you must realize that professional gaming is serious business and requires determination, skill, teamwork and lots and lots of practice for success.So, it would be wise if you engaged in gaming along with your full-time job. Only quit the latter if you are very sure of earning a steady and good pay from the former. © Shutterstock.com | Syda ProductionsIn this article, you’ll learn 1) how to establish yourself as a professional gamer â€" some tips and ideas, 2) ways to make money from gaming, 3) games you can consider to make money, and 4) prioritize and be realistic.HOW TO ESTABLISH YOURSELF AS A PROFESSIONAL GAMER â€" SOME TIPS AND IDEASSelect your gameObviously, the first step to becoming a pro-gamer is to select your game, learn it and practice it. If, for example, you want to play Warcraft 3, it is not enough to play the game for just one or two hours every day and expect to become an expert at it. You have to aim at learning all that there is to learn about the game. This includes typical strategies and their counters. You’ll also have to watch replays of the games of leading players and memorize unit stats. From the videos of leading players, you’ll get some idea of what it is that makes them such great players.Familiarize yourself with the jargonMultiplayer games are associated wi th plenty of jargon, and the game jargon depends on the particular game you’re playing. In Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games such as DOTA2, Heroes of Newerth or League of Legends, there are terms such as stun, disable, neutrals/jungle, hex/voodoo, ancients or lane. First person shooter (FPS) players provide unique names to areas or spots on the map. This is so that teammates can know where the enemy players are.Do lots of practice starting with Bots or AIBefore you play out in the open, it makes sense to be aware of both the game’s and your strengths and weaknesses. Counter Strike is one of the many games that would allow you to play against bots. So, you can bring together a team of your bots, and fight against the enemy to understand the intricacies of the game. You can make use of bots to appraise your performance as well as to adopt your manner of gaming to what seems most comfortable.Study the professionalsBy studying the professionals, you can know how they tack le the various games, how their strategies and complex teamwork ensure them of success. You can also watch their split decision making, ploys, tricks and other lessons, the knowledge of which would be useful for your game play. By way of live streaming (through sites such as Twitch.tv), you can watch some pro-gamers play live.Fine-tune aspects that can give you an edgeAll rounder players typically don’t deliver a great performance in competitive gaming. Ideally, each of the team’s players should have a specialized skill. It is also easier to specialize in one kind of character, class, weaponry, and so on. Be the best at whatever aspect of the game you seem to have a knack for, including game play on the field, whether it’s jumping full-throttle into the heat of the action, running around the map, supporting the team or sitting still to farm gold. If you’re good at sniping, work to be the best sniper ever, even if you’re not all that good at assaulting.   Also, look for sam e-spirited players to be a part of your team and strengthen it.Make sure you have quality gaming gearThough a lot of people may say that gaming gear is not worth wasting money for because it makes the player dependent on it, that argument may hold true only for casual gaming. With respect to professional gaming, the gear is intended for accuracy, responsiveness, and durability. While the response time of a normal desktop mouse is 8-16 milliseconds, the response time of a gaming mouse could be just one millisecond. Hardware helps considerably in reducing errors in the middle of the battle. Those into hard-core gaming would stand to gain from investing in products from well-known names such as Razer, Logitech, and SteelSeries.Be part of a communityBuild a network or be part of a community of pro gamers. Join forums and engage in conversations. You can discuss strategies and gain from outside input. You can also share tips and advice among yourselves. In addition, you can promote yours elf through Twitter conversations or your very own profile website, among other avenues.Look for tricks, tips, and guidesWatching the pros play may help you to some extent but unfortunately it won’t help you know the thoughts going through their head as they play. If you want to comprehend the mechanics of the game, you’ve got to study or read about the game in detail. You can get lots of information about any game from the internet. This information includes knowledge on the characters, their armory, skills, the playing field and their moves with weapons. Knowledge of each character’s capabilities will help you be more prepared and avoid being caught unawares too easily. YouTube is a great resource for guides and tutorials. If you find yourself stuck at a particular level, you can check out walkthroughs of single player games, on the channel.Get a teamYou can go solo if you like, but a team can help to compensate for your shortcomings and enable you to contribute differently. For example, in Team Fortress 2 tournaments, it is essential to have a food medic. Maybe casual observers won’t be able to comprehend fully what your role in the team is but at least, you can be comforted by the fact that you are an indispensable part of the team.When selecting members for your team, think along lines such as skill levels similar to yours, dedication, responsibility (such as coming for practice on time), and a little variety in specialities (no point in having so many people who are experts in the same aspects of the game). If you’re in the mood for fanciness, you can try Motorola’s Six Sigma  strategy for team building.Thanks to the internet, your team members don’t necessarily have to be from the same locality, area or even country. You can even make a team comprising players from different parts of the world as long as they are willing and prepared to game at the same time, and to cooperate if a need should ever arise to travel to tournaments.WAYS TO MAK E MONEY FROM GAMINGRegister with a professional gaming organization and compete at tournamentsWith respect to professional gaming organizations such as the National Electronic Sports League and Major League Gaming, gamers must sign up online, register, complete a profile and let the organizations know which online game accounts they use. Once you are enrolled in the organization, you will have to select some events (such as cups, leagues, and ladders) to compete in. You can either enter a team or build your team. Teams would register for tournaments and leagues that offer prize money. Key gaming leagues include the North American Star League, IGN Pro League, Global StarCraft 2 League and the Electronic Sports League. To be closer to being asked to be a member of the gaming team you must possess an impressive ranking as an individual player. To improve your ranking, try challenging other individual players.Gaming tournaments are a great way to earn money. Prize amounts for winning te ams can be in the ranges of hundred thousand or millions. It would be a good idea to get yourself a corporate sponsor. You can, in fact, gather a considerable amount of your annual income from corporate events. When an individual player or team has a sponsor, the player or team may be able to dedicate more time to practice. Major sponsors such as Red Bull and Dr. Pepper sponsor events at the tournament level so that members of the audience can see their advertisements.StreamingThough you can earn an income from streaming games, it is a difficult avenue for newbies to attempt. The reason is that there is so much of the competition, and you require a big number of viewers.   Getting a considerable number of viewers is no ABC unless you already have some level of popularity in the eSports scene or gaming industry or have a knack at directing views to your stream. You also have to be entertaining considering that streaming is a very time-consuming process (more than YouTube videos), and people usually watch streams for long durations. To soar above the competition, you have to show yourself to be insanely good at the game, be amazingly funny or entertaining in some other way or otherwise be some celebrity. Twitch.tv is a very popular channel for streaming games.CoachingOnce you become a pro player, you can provide tutorship or coach for other prospective professional gamers.Posting on YouTubeYou can record videos of yourself playing games, provide a running commentary for the whole videos, post them on YouTube and enable monetization so that you earn money when people watch your videos. Note that videos without commentaries may be rejected for monetization, so it is best to include commentaries. Also note that according to YouTube, the step-by-step commentary should be strictly connected to the live action and provide educational or instructional value. Game testingGame testing, also known by the term “play testing,” involves testing games in their development stages to find out whether there are any glitches or problems and to report them. It is the major video game companies that typically hire video game testers. Unfortunately, the pay is not good, job security is bad and you may be required to sign a non-disclosure agreement. In addition to this bad enough situation, it is not necessary that a game tester would be given only the games he likes to test. You may even end up testing games you detest a lot. As a game tester, you’ll have to engage in repetitive and tedious tasks and maybe even work overtime for long periods. So, think twice before venturing into this domain. Share what you know with othersIf you excel at a particular game whether StarCraft or Call of Duty or some other game, in addition to coaching, you can share your knowledge with others by way of eBooks or manuals. Sites such as Killer Guides would allow you to develop an eBook through which you can convert your knowledge into money. If you’re okay about a possibly smaller market, you can also think of selling your eBooks through other sites, such as your website or even Amazon.Write about gamesThe internet abounds in websites carrying advertisements. Websites such as these require news, reviews and all other material which people would be interested in reading with respect to video games. If you’re an all right writer with a good knowledge base, you can try your hand at contributing written matter for one of these sites. Alternately, you can attempt your blog and incorporate advertisements in it.GAMES YOU CAN CONSIDER TO MAKE MONEYLeague of LegendsFree to play, the very popular League of Legends has brought a huge e-sports scene into existence. Competitions are carried out by way of the game’s creator â€" Riot James in addition to World Cyber Games and Major League Gaming, among others.Starcraft 2: Heart of the SwarmStarCraft is a major name, a big daddy when it comes to professional gaming across the globe (particularly in South Korea). Almost every gaming league has events revolving around StarCraft2. In terms of winnings, the game’s top players have got themselves thousands in winnings, and if salaries are also included, it comes to more than $1 million dollars.Dota 2This game is also free-to-play and similar in play to League of Legends. Developed by the very same studio responsible for the well-known Half-Life Series, the game is known for a crazy degree of depth and enormous cash prizes.Warcraft 3: The Frozen ThroneWarcraft 3 continues to go strong even though it has been on the market for over a decade. If you wish to pursue the game, you can participate in professional competitions still hosted by World Cyber Games.Call of Duty: Black Ops 2Call of Duty suits both beginners and elite players well because it is easy for the former to get into the game, and the latter would find the game considerably technical. Major League Gaming runs the biggest tournaments.PRIORITIZE AND BE REALISTICAs already discussed a bove, there are several options you can choose from (such as game testing and YouTube posting) through which you can earn money from gaming. You have to decide which of those (or any other options you know of) are best suited for you and how you can convert them to worthwhile sources of income. Once you have a picture of where your strengths lie, develop a plan. Ensure that the plan is practical and measurable and then work towards converting those goals to reality. If at any point, you feel you are falling way behind, re-evaluate and modify the plan accordingly.Making a career for yourself and a steady income in professional gaming may not be easy but as mentioned at outset, it is definitely possible. Even if you have no other option but to game in combination with your full-time job, you can still rest content from the fact that you are living out your passion.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1442 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a beautifully crafted novel which portrays the tragic, yet withstanding, struggles of those facing severe discrimination and challenges of character, which reveals a profound message about courage. Various aspects in To Kill A Mockingbird, such as the dialogue and actions of Atticus Finch, Mrs. Dubose, and Boo Radley, suggest that to do what is right, one a person s courage is shown not only through physical, but emotional and mental strength even when at a disadvantage so they can do what must be done. The novel is told through the eyes of Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch, who narrates the story of her childhood in the earlier 20th century. Scout, her older brother named Jem, and a friend called Dill, were fascinated by the rumors of their neighbor Boo Radley, who was, as Scout described, a â€Å"malevolent phantom,† that never stepped foot outside of his house. The children made several efforts to lure Boo outside of his house but unfortunately failed. Scout’s father, Atticus Finch, is a lawyer with very high morals. He takes upon himself to defend Tom Robinson, a black man, in a rape case. Even though he receives many harsh comments for supporting an African American at the time, Atticus insists on continuing with the case as his ethics would not allow him to do otherwise. He compiles evidence proving Tom is innocent; unfortunately, since Tom was the African American in a case against a white man, Bob Ewell, the verdict deemed Tom guilty.Show MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Ne lle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Economic Policies And Economic Policy - 1096 Words

In every country there s a government and economy. Each counties government helps or tries to help recover, stabilize, and grow the economy. First thing we need to look at is economic policy. Economic policy refer to actions the government makes in the economic field. For example the taxation, the government supply, money supply, interest rates, along with the labor market, and national ownership. Inside the economic policy you will find all sorts of things that help make the policy stand on it s two feet. The three main parts that tie into economic policy are supply-side economics, demand-side economics, and monetary policy. Each of the three economic structures will also help define and show what all the economic policy is and does and how it all works. The first branch of the economic policy is the supply-side economics. Supply-side economics is simply the macroeconomic theory, which deals with the arguments of the economic growth. Economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services. Now the macroeconomic theory is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as one big market, rather than individual markets. When Ronald Reagan was our 40th president he saw the supply-side economics was more known as trickle down. Meaning that Ronald Reagan had thought that if he cut the tax for entrepreneurs andShow MoreRelatedMunicipal Economic Development Policy841 Words   |  3 PagesWhen it comes municipal economic development policy, public officials pursue policies that will improve the economic position and financial stability or prosperity of their city. Economic policy at the sub-national le vel is often nonpartisan because these types of governments do not take on redistributive or allocation policy. Rather, they take on economic policies that most everyone agrees upon such as creating jobs or bringing in new tax revenue. (Kogan, 2014) These policymakers main focus willRead MoreFice Of The Assistant Secretary For Economic Policy1100 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Project Economic Policies Economic Policy gives an account of present and planned monetary advancements and helps with the determination of fitting financial approaches. The workplace is in charge of the audit and examination of both household and universal monetary issues and advancements in the budgetary markets. The essential mission of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy is to bolster the Secretary of the Treasury as the vital financial authority in the legislatureRead MoreEconomic Policies Pave The Roadway For How America Operates1291 Words   |  6 PagesMain Themes Economic policies pave the roadway for how America operates. It determines the successfulness of the country or the downfall. When we look at today s biggest problems such as; social security, globalization, poverty, immigration, etc. there is a common theme. That is, that the state of our economy impacts all them. In the book, Crunch: Why Do I Feel So Squeezed (And Other Unsolved Economic Mysteries)? Written by Jared Bernstein, he delves into exactly how the economy can tie togetherRead MoreEvaluate the Effectiveness of Australian Government Economic Policies in Achieving Their Objectives1930 Words   |  8 Pageseffectiveness of Australian Government economic policies in achieving their objectives. The government implements an economic policy mix involving macroeconomic and microeconomic policy in order to achieve their objectives. The three main objectives include: †¢ Internal stability – low inflation (price stability) and full employment †¢ External stability – stable exchange rate, a sustainable level of foreign debt and the current account deficit (CAD) ï  ©Ã¯  §Ã¯  ¨ †¢ Economic growth Other government objectivesRead MoreEconomic Policies And Economic Policy1096 Words   |  5 Pageslook at is economic policy. Economic policy refer to actions the government makes in the economic field. For example the taxation, the government supply, money supply, interest rates, along with the labor market, and national ownership. Inside the economic policy you will find all sorts of things that help make the policy stand on it s two feet. The three main parts that tie into economic policy are supply-side economics, demand-side economics, and monetary policy. Each of the three economic structuresRead MoreEconomic Policy And Monetary Policy2426 Words   |  10 PagesThere are two types of economic policies to control aggregate demand in a market economy. These two types are known as fiscal policy and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is when the government changes their taxing amounts and their spending, for the purpose of expanding or contracting aggregate demand. Monetary policy i s the changes in interests rates and money supply to expand or contract the same demand, but it is under control of our central bank. When it comes to fiscal policy, the government doesRead MoreLenins Economic Policies1093 Words   |  5 PagesNew economic policy (NEP) NEP era advertizement It was an idea based on ambition and imagination; an idea that worked so well, it managed to drag an entire country out of starvation and chaos and drive it onto the road to quick economic and industrial recovery. 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The United States’ government throughout history has attempted to develop plans to slow down or prevent the country from having a complete economic meltdown. In this paper I will explore two expansionary economic policies, fiscal policy and the monetary policy which the federal government uses to help move the economy out of a recession and effects they have on taxes, interest rate, GDP, and employment. The Great Depression is one of the greatest economic devastationRead MoreEconomic Policy Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages Due to the large scale recession that happened a while ago, policymakers have been trying to come up with the best policies to improve economic conditions in the United States. Because of this, they have stated that the U.S. will no longer import goods or services from other countries and will instead focus on exports that employ American workers. Furthermore, all products will bear the stamp stating, â€Å"Made in the U.S†. The issue of trading is obviously something that policymakers need to think

How far has the EU come since the Treaty of Rome (1957) Free Essays

Introduction â€Å"The European Union has come a long way from the Treaty of Rome 1957. Citing relevant Treaty and Case Law, consider the impact of enlargement on the original principles of the Treaty of Rome.† The European Union (EU) was originally set up with the aim of uniting and stabilising the European countries to avoid wars and hostilities amongst them. We will write a custom essay sample on How far has the EU come since the Treaty of Rome (1957)? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Treaty of Versailles, which was intended to ease conflict between France and Germany after the First World War, had failed, leading to the rise of Nazism. In a speech made famous by Winston Churchill in Zurich 1947, he suggested building a United States of Europe as an attempt to restore the quality of living and to reconcile the warring countries, â€Å"Our constant aim must be to build and fortify the strength of the United Nations Organization. Under and within that world concept we must recreate the European Family in a regional structure called, it may be, the United States of Europe. And the first practical step would be to form a Council of Europe†. It was therefore, in 1950 after the Second World War, the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman, together with the research and plans formed by the French politician Jean Monnet, suggested integrating Europe’s coal and steel industries, known also as the ‘Schuman plan’. This idea was formed with the intention of helping economic recovery and removing competition between France and Germany. So, in 1951 the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty (ECSC Treaty) was created (also known as the Treaty of Paris) and the European Coal and Steel Community began to unite European countries politically and economically in order to secure peace. Alongside France and Germany, the Benelux Union and Italy joined, thereby creating a supranational authority and removing any trade restrictions between them. The UK had at this point declined to join this union as they were more inclined to lean towards its friendship with the United States of America. The six original members and founders were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In 1957 the ECSC’s six members decided to evolve other areas of their economies, signing the Treaty of Rome, creating the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC). This was signed in Rome on the 25th March 1957, which then came into force on the 1st January 1958. The Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) was signed at the same time and is therefore also known to be part of the Treaty of Rome. This agreement allowed them to cooperate in the development of the use of atomic energy. The members also began to remove trade barriers and allowing goods to move freely within the member states and establishing a ‘common market’. The primary source of EU law is the EU’s treaties. The Treaty on European Union (TEU), which was signed in Maastricht on the 7th February 1992, entered into force on the 1st November 1993. The Maastricht Treaty, as it is commonly referred to, created the EU based upon the earlier treaties and introduced the idea of EU citizenship. By adding a new structure with three â€Å"pillars† based on the executive, the judiciary and the legislature, the central pillar would be joined by the second pillar covering foreign policy and national security and a third pillar to cover justice and home affairs. This created a political as well as an economic objective and renamed the EEC to the EC, reflecting the change of importance within the organization. The Treaty of Amsterdam, signed on the 2nd October 1997, entered into force on the 1st May 1999. It modified and renumbered the EU and EC Treaties. The Treaty of Amsterdam changed the articles of the Treaty on European Union, which was identified by letters A to S, into numerical form. The Treaty of Nice signed on the 26th February 2001, and entered into force on the 1st February 2003, dealt principally with restructuring the institutions so that the Union could operate competently after its enlargement to 25 Member States. This Treaty of Nice, the former Treaty of the EU and the Treaty of the EC have been merged into one consolidated version. The most recent treaty was the Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in Rome in October 2004 by the leaders of the EU and sent to all member states for approval. Its main objectives were to make the EU more democratic and meeting expectations for high standards of ‘accountability, openness, transparency and participation’[2]. It was also created to make the EU more efficient and able to tackle the issues today, such as climate change and security. Although sanctioned by most of the EU countries, French and Dutch voters rejected it and as a result, the reform process was suspended for 18 months, until a reform treaty was negotiated. This was eventually signed by EU heads of state and government in Lisbon in December 2007. The European Union is open to any European country that wishes to join, as long as they fulfil certain criteria, known as the Copenhagen criteria. The country must be democratic, have a market economy and posses the necessary capacity to handle the obligations of membership. To help unite and bring them together the EU has created a single market and a single currency, and its responsibilities now range from economic and social policies to foreign and security policy. We know that the original members of the EU were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. They were closely followed by Denmark, Ireland, and United Kingdom in 1973. Between 1981 and 1995 a further six countries joined, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Austria, Finland and Sweden. In 2004, 10 new countries entered the EU, making the enlargement from 15 to 25, the biggest in the Union’s history. These countries included Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slo vakia and Slovenia. This allowed the EU to extend the stability and prosperity of EU citizens further into central and Eastern Europe. Bulgaria and Romania became EU members in January 2007, taking the current total to 27 member states. The single market is the heart of today’s Union. This has taken several years to achieve, as many new laws were needed to remove the barriers that prevented free trade and free movement. This was finally achieved in 1993. This single market is a valuable defence against economic crisis as it prevents policies in which countries try to pass problems on to their neighbours, instead of confronting the issues themselves. Through a joint recovery plan, the EU is better able to control the financial sector, create sustainable jobs and protect the interests of the citizens. The foremost objectives of EC Treaty and its law are the ‘Four Freedoms’. The free movement of persons, the free movement of services, the free movement of goods and the free movement of capital. Since the 2004 enlargement, the internal market is in terms of population, the largest single trading bloc in the world. Article 14(2) of the EC Treaty states that â€Å"the internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured in accordance with the provisions of this treaty†[3]. The free movement of goods is considered to be a central part of the EC Treaty, but there are barriers that affect this. These are, physical barriers, which involve stopping and checking goods passing through borders, fiscal barriers, which are taxes imposed on goods, and the most significant barrier, the technical. Technical barriers are quantitative restrictions and measures having an equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions. This is dealt with in the treaty under Article 28, 29 and 30. ‘Quantitative restrictions’ are not defined in the EC Treaty but can be found in case law, such as Greddo v Ente Nazionale Risi (Case 2/73) [1973] ECR 865. ‘Measures having equivalent effect to a quantitative restrictions’ are also undefined in the treaty but can be interpreted using case law, seen in the case of Procureur du Roi v Dassonville (Case 8/74) [1974] ECR 837. The Dassonville case is highly important and has been used in most cases involving ‘measures equivalent to quantitive restrictions’ in Article 28 as a key definition. Another important use of case law is what is known as the Cassis de Dijon principle. In the case of Cassis de Dijon (Case 120/78) [1979] ECR 649, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) was powerless to amend the provisions of Article 30, therefore creating a set of derogations that could be pleaded instead of Article 30. As more countries join the EU, the difficulty arises in having to decide where to draw the Union’s boundaries, culturally, politically and geographically. The EU institutions have proved their worth, but they must be modified to cope with the enlargement of the Union and the increasing number of tasks for which it is responsible. Europe must not only concentrate on its own development but also welcome globalisation. The Treaty of Rome is no longer enough to cover all the issues that arise with enlargement, as different countries will have different needs. The use of case law and the development of other Treaties will help support the original founding ideas of the Treaty of Rome and continue to ensure that the countries of Europe will exist happily together and develop the relationships with each other and the rest of the world. Bibliography and Referencing Online resources http://www.globalgateway.org.uk/default.aspx?=1454 http://www.europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/index_en.htm http://europa.eu/about-eu/member-countries/index_en.htm http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en.htm http://www.europeanhistory.about.com/od/europeanunion/European_Union.htm http://www.peshawar.ch/varia/winston.htm Library resources MARTIN, J and TURNER, C (200?) EU Law 2nd Edition FOSTER, N (2008) EU Law Directions, New York: Oxford University Press BERRY, E and HARGREAVES, S (2007) European Union Law 2nd Edition, New York: Oxford University Press KENT, P (2009) European Union Law 5th edition, London: Sweet Maxwell STOREY, T and TURNER, C (2008) Unlocking EU Law 2nd Edition, London: Hodder Education How to cite How far has the EU come since the Treaty of Rome (1957)?, Essay examples

The Groundhog by Richard Eberhart Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Groundhog by Richard Eberhart: Analysis Essay The Groundhog by Richard Eberhart In Richard Eberharts poem The Groundhog, the author uses his expertise in language to contrast life and death in nature. With diction and contrasting imagery the author discloses his idea that the world is in constant change. Changes in which things eventually decompose, or disappear, but also, at the same time saying that nature will renew itself. The groundhogs senseless change shows the irrational but ordered controlling force of nature as it decays and changes. The authors returning visits embody the change in the groundhog. In Eberharts four visits the groundhog changes. From a seething cauldron, becoming a bony sodden hulk, to only become bones bleaching, and only a little hair. The last visit there is no sign of the groundhog. The author feels so emotional over the continuing changes of the groundhog because he resents change. It makes him feel that he is not in control over himself and what is going on. Eberhart treats it as if he is losing a tradition in his life, not feeling comfortable about life. The author capped a withered heart because that is his way of taking control of his life. Eberhart uses wonderful, artistic diction to illustrate contrasting imagery. He contrasts golden fields with the groundhog lying dead, and vigorous summer and dead lay he. The result of these comparisons creates the picture of a hot and calm summer day in a peaceful field with a dead groundhog. The mental picture created can be one of sadness and dismay that on such a wonderful day, such a horrible thing could happen. The frightening picture is amplified by inspecting close his maggots might. The author goes on further to contrast in the imagery by showing how he appreciates the groundhog and its slow decay. He inspects the body up close, but half with loathing of the dead creature, its smell, and disgusting appearance, and yet with a strange love, he shows how he strangely likes the animal and starts to care about the changes that it is going through, to renew nature. A change has happened to the author, the original concern for keeping reverence for knowledge has conflicted with an attempt for control, to be still, to quell the passion of the blood. Eberhart caps his heart with his hand because he

Marketing a new retail business Essay Example

Marketing a new retail business Essay Name: Jayna Kerai Candidate Number: 8709 School Name: Queens Park Community School Centre Number: 12304 We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a new retail business specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a new retail business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a new retail business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Contents TASK ONE ACTION PLAN TASK TWO Part A: Introduction Part B: Business Objectives Part C: The Importance of Marketing Part D: Identifying the Target Market TASK THREE Market Research Questionnaire TASK FOUR Part A: Carrying out my Questionnaire Part B: Getting my questionnaires filled in Part C: Other ways of getting my questionnaire filled out Part D: Different types of Market Research TASK FIVE Part A: Analysing my research Part B : Creating my charts/graphs Part C: Analysing my graphs Part D: What I expected from my research Part E: Evaluating the effectiveness of my research Part F: Discussion of how the research will affect business decisions about marketing Part G: What impact will this have on my business? TASK SIX Part A: Competition in my area Part B: Main Competition Part C: Factors that influence my competition Part D: Factors that influence my business Part E: How my competitor will influence my business TASK SEVEN Part A: Types of Promotion and Advertising Part B: Costs of Advertising Part C: Advertising my Business Part D: Laws that affect my business Part E: How advertising will affect the success of my business TASK EIGHT Part A: Conclusions: Final decisions on marketing my business Part B: Constraints to my Business Part C: Improvements to my marketing plan Part D: Improvements to my research Part E: Environmental, Financial and Social effects BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX TASK ONE ACTION PLAN WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 2a) I need to decide on my business and its name. For my coursework I needed to investigate other business and what type of business would be the best to open I will make this information up 26-01-07 At first I could not decide what business to base my coursework on, but then I chose a bakery because I had also based my Information and Communications Technology coursework on. Task 2a)business and I needed to type up my introduction The information I will need to achieve this is my business, what type of ownership it will have, the reasons why I chose it and why it will be a successful business I will get my information from myself about the bakery as it is imaginary 30-01-07 The only problem which I came across was that I found it difficult to find reasons why my business will be successful but I resolved this problem by researching more about Task 2b) I also had to identify three objectives and how they use SMART. I need to find the definition of business objective and find examples of business objectives I will get my information from the websites. http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mkt/dictionary/ 03-02-07 The problem which occurred is that I did not know how to make an objective because I did not know what SMART was. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 2c) I need to say why marketing is important to my business and what would happen to my business if I did not have any form of marketing The definition of marketing and how marketing affect business. I will get my definition and information of marketing from -Contemporary Marketing Wired (1998) by Boone and Kurtz. Dryden Press. http://iws.ohiolink.edu/moti/homedefinition.html 10-02-07 In this section the problems which occurred is that I could not think of reasons for how if I did not use marketing how it would affect my business, but then I investigated more into marketing and found how it affected my business. Task 2d) I need to identify the target market of my business and why it is important for me to know who my target market is To find the definition of target market and why it is important for businesses I will get my definition and information about target market from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_marketing 14-02-07 In the section the only problem that arose is that I could not describe who my target market was, however I simply investigated more into target market and found, realised that my target market is Task 3) I need to create my own questionnaire for scrumptious To research the layouts and types of questions to ask in questionnaires I will get this information from other questionnaires which I have created and knowledge in marketing. 21-02-07 In this section I found that I did not know what type of questions to put about promotion, so I looked at other examples of questionnaires and related to my business. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 4a) I need to identify the different types of sampling, and write how each way is carried out and the advantages and disadvantages of them. Then explain why sampling in necessary and what type I will use and why. I need to know the different types of sampling, how they are carried out and both the disadvantages and advantages. I will research different types of sampling over the internet www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~kate/qmcweb/scont.htm 28-02-07 In this section I had forgotten the different types of sampling which I could use. I sorted this by finding the types of sampling on the internet Task 4b) I had to explain who and where I will be getting my questionnaire filled out by I need to know who got my questionnaire filled out by and in what location I should know this because I and friend got the questionnaires filled out 05-03-07 In this section I had difficulties trying to get all of my questionnaires filled out. To resolve this I took a friend to help me get them filled out. Task 4c) I need to explain other ways, which I could have gotten my questionnaire filled out. I needed to know other ways in which I could have distributed my survey and what are there benefits and disadvantages. I will conduct further research on types of sampling. I will ask my aunty who is doing a marketing degree Miss M. Patel 25-3-07 In this section I had forgotten the other methods of conducting my survey, and could not get in contact with my Miss Patel, but then I went to her house and she explained other ways. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 4d) I need to identify the difference between primary and secondary research. I need to know what field and desk research is, there advantages and disadvantaged. Then find examples of them. I will get my examples and definition on the internet www.fastlinksolutions.co.uk/typesofm.htm 31-03-07 In this section I did not know examples of secondary research, but then I found it on the search engine Google. Task 5a) I need to identify different ways I can analyse my questionnaires and decide which one I will use I need to know the different ways in which my questionnaires can be analysed and know their advantages and disadvantage I will find out different types of graphs, charts and tables from a spreadsheet software such as Microsoft office excel 07-04-07 In this section I did not the know the advantages and disadvantages of the different types charts, graphs and tables Tack 5b) I need to analyse my questionnaires by tallying on a master questionnaire and then turning them into graphs I need tally up on a master questionnaire and turn them into graphs and charts I will get my data from my primary research, my questionnaires. 13-04-07 In this section I found it difficult to analyse the tables from the questionnaires, but then I was given a method by Mr Goldsmith. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task?

Free Essays on Global Perspectives of Sept. 11

On September 11 2001, Americans awoke to find our country under attack. The country went into a state of shock. Many including myself kept on asking, who could of done such a thing to the United States and why? After the initial shock Americas next step was to find a way to respond to these acts of war. But how can this be done, and what will be the response of the rest of the world? Well as every paper, or TV. Newscast shows, the rest of the world is reacting in many different fashions, either through global unity, state primacy or cultural pluralism. In the following paper I will show how these responses are already evident in the responses of various acts, and also how I think the proper way of responding to the acts of war using these perspectives. The first perspective that I will examine is Global Unity. Global unity is very important in the way the United States is responding to the acts of terrorism against them. Presidents from across the globe including Britain, France, Germany, and Saudi Arabia, among others, have come to America about forming an alliance against terrorism (6). I feel this is essential to the success on ending the taliban, and other terrorist groups through out the country. However these alliances are not very highly looked upon by many extreme Muslim groups who have already promised violence against countries such as Indonesia if support is given to the United States (6). Another way that global unity has affected the way the United States has responded to the attacks is through America’s tendency to bully around other countries through a form of global unity referred to as paternalism (13). Countries like Pakistan for instance were told they risked â€Å"very grave consequences† in they didn’t support the United States campaign to go after Osama bin Laden, the alleged organizer of the attacks on the United States (11). President W bush went as far as to warn other countries of the consequence... Free Essays on Global Perspectives of Sept. 11 Free Essays on Global Perspectives of Sept. 11 On September 11 2001, Americans awoke to find our country under attack. The country went into a state of shock. Many including myself kept on asking, who could of done such a thing to the United States and why? After the initial shock Americas next step was to find a way to respond to these acts of war. But how can this be done, and what will be the response of the rest of the world? Well as every paper, or TV. Newscast shows, the rest of the world is reacting in many different fashions, either through global unity, state primacy or cultural pluralism. In the following paper I will show how these responses are already evident in the responses of various acts, and also how I think the proper way of responding to the acts of war using these perspectives. The first perspective that I will examine is Global Unity. Global unity is very important in the way the United States is responding to the acts of terrorism against them. Presidents from across the globe including Britain, France, Germany, and Saudi Arabia, among others, have come to America about forming an alliance against terrorism (6). I feel this is essential to the success on ending the taliban, and other terrorist groups through out the country. However these alliances are not very highly looked upon by many extreme Muslim groups who have already promised violence against countries such as Indonesia if support is given to the United States (6). Another way that global unity has affected the way the United States has responded to the attacks is through America’s tendency to bully around other countries through a form of global unity referred to as paternalism (13). Countries like Pakistan for instance were told they risked â€Å"very grave consequences† in they didn’t support the United States campaign to go after Osama bin Laden, the alleged organizer of the attacks on the United States (11). President W bush went as far as to warn other countries of the consequence...

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone - Essay Example What differentiates Hermione from many intelligent children is that not only does she learn the magical spells, she practically has the capability to recall from her memory the most appropriate spell that applies on a particular situation whenever required, and thus, serves as the ultimate rescuer for Ron and Harry. Not many brainy children are as practical as Hermione is. Her practicality also reflects in the way she practically indulges in every act with Ron and Harry at every stage till the end of the story. Hermione Granger is indeed, a true friend to Ron and Harry. It is not wrong to state that her friends possess her. She knows the meaning of friendship and can practically go to any lengths to help her friends out of the trouble. She is the very â€Å"friend in need† as they call it. She is the kind of person most parents would like their child to be friends with, given she is very optimistic and hardworking. Hermione Granger is a muggle born witch who is able to display excellent magical qualities contrary to the fact that none of her parents come from the magical world. Hermione Granger has been presented as a â€Å"know-it-all† kind of girl whose attitude is not quite welcomed by Ron Weasley particularly in their initial encounters at Hogwarts. In the start of the story, one might even start to think of her as a cheap character that shows its knowledge off to depress others. However, one later gets to realize how genuinely is she interested in learning magic and applying it to assist humanity. At the age of 11, she prefers learning â€Å"Transfiguration Charms† upon trying shades of lipstick. She is a genuine learner placed in the â€Å"Gryffindor House† because of her extreme bravery, although she was also suitable for â€Å"Ravenclaw House† because of her smartness. Hermione Granger fits best in the Stage VI of the Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral

IKEA Internationalization Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IKEA Internationalization Strategy - Essay Example Ikea was not always an internationally recognized retailer even though in 1973 they become one of the best and major furnishing house in Scandinavia however, the founding members aimed to make the business grow globally. Since the foundation of the company in 1943, the founders have incorporated foolproof strategies to help in the growth of the business. IKEA’s founders were well aware of the fact that the implementation of business strategies have to be relevant to the consumer demands and might vary depending on the country they are launching the store in. The idea was not only to expand the business but also make sure that the companies come across as the iconic furnishing house that is highly consumer friendly. The makers were already sure about the quality of the products which was definitely world class, the major manufacturer of the products was done in Poland which proved to be 50% cheaper than it would have cost otherwise and taken full advantage of this, this extrava gant furniture company develop a very strong and fruitful strategy to expand the business. ... e expansion of the business was extremely fast-paced, IKEA came up with other consumer-friendly offers such as a lounge for food and wine within the store itself, this definitely helps the company to generate revenue faster internationally. However, it was in 1990 that IKEA realized that there is an immense requirement for some fruitful and modern business strategies since over the years many other furnishing business owners had stepped up the market giving IKEA a very tough competition. In order to make sure the company expansion took place rapidly the makes had almost forgotten to pay attention towards the products itself. They were selling most European styles furniture which seemed to be less preferred by American and Canadian. The furniture was simply not functional for them which was one of the biggest drawbacks. It was high time for IKEA to take some decisive action to help maintain the expansion of the company. IKEA decided to shift the tactics by redesigning the products acc ording to the demands of American consumers, pretty soon the company was able to regain its position in the marketplace by becoming the second largest furnishing house in the United States in 2008. IKEA International Business Strategy IKEA being a well established Sweden furnishing house aimed to grow the business internationally and it appears to be that IKEA took the biggest business risk by implementing the Global standardization strategy. Most business owners might not think of this strategy worthy of prior consideration but IKEA took a chance on it, their vital goal was not only to expand the business globally but make sure they earn the loyalty of the customers.  

The Roles Of Women In Terrorism

The Roles Of Women In Terrorism The involvement of women in terrorist organisations is by no means new, but their role therein has changed markedly over recent years. Up until the late twentieth century, women in terrorist organisations were largely assigned tasks removed from the front lines of political violence they existed only to support their male counterparts, through gathering intelligence, providing healthcare, and even maintaining safe houses for more-active terrorists. Since then, and though women continue to perform those functions, the role of female terrorists has evolved into something more active, perhaps tougher, more fanatical, more loyal, than previously seen.  [1]  Indeed, while formerly confined to more auxiliary roles, female members of violent extremist groups now engage directly in attacks, including suicide bombings, attracting widespread disbelief and heightened media interest. After looking at terrorisms definitional problems, this paper will examine three different categories of involvement by women in terrorism: women as terrorists actually joining extremist organisations and carrying out attacks; women as enablers their role in motivating, inspiring, or encouraging potential terrorists; and women as preventers analysis of their involvement in counterterrorism. In so doing, it will focus on women and terrorism, as opposed to the overlapping concept of women and war. Both concepts of women engaging in terrorism and of womens roles in wars are broad and nuanced, and a single paper cannot do both justice. For this reason, the former alone will be examined here. Both terrorism and gender in conflict have been studied and written about extensively. The recognition of rape as a weapon of war has led to a timely re-evaluation of gender in warfare,  [2]  and much has been written on the subject of terrorism, particularly since September 2001, when terrorism entered into mainstream media and non-academic literature, even in those countries not directly affected by it. Yet, terrorism through the prism of gender has only recently gained ground in academic and media discourse, partly due to the rise of the female suicide bomber.  [3]  This study will consult literature mainly on political violence, but also on the role of women in society, drawing out observations on the impact of women on terrorism, as well as on how womens unique position in society can be harnessed for counterterrorism purposes. In addition, the paper will briefly comment on what the implications are for gender equality. Indeed, does the advent of female terrorists mirror the advance of women in society? This paper will provide a broad overview of the womens roles in terrorism, with more-detailed comments on their potential for de-radicalising active and potential terrorists. Women as Participants in Terrorism Although terrorism is one of the most widely used words in both international relations and the news media, the word lacks a clear, universal definition. Those who try to characterise it often harbour underlying biases (rendering their definitions questionable), or, in the case of some governments and the media, they may seek to label as many events as possible with a provocative term to demonise a particular group or to create headlines. Terrorism has a pejorative implication and those associated with it are therefore degraded politically and socially.  [4]  Most would agree, however, that fear is intrinsic to any successful terrorism. As political scientist Martha Crenshaw explains, [t]errorism is a method by which an agent tends to produce terror in order to impose his[/her] domination.  [5]  Many other definitions of terrorism exist, including Walter Laqueurs assertion that the meaning of terrorism has been changing throughout history,  [6]  and Brian Michael Jenkins description of the phenomenon as the use or threatened use of force to bring about political change.  [7]  For the purposes of this work, Jenkins definition shall suffice, but with the qualifier that, in the case of millennialist or some fundamentalist groups, political change need not be the final end.  [8]   Examples of women committing terrorist acts abound. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have been cited as amongst the first terrorist groups to employ women as attackers, with over one-third of their membership composed of females, who, in addition to suicide bomb missions, have duties on the battlefield, in the kitchen, and in medical camps.  [9]  LTTEs Black Tigresses, are not alone. The Chechen Black Widows, a brigade of female suicide bombers, carried out a dozen suicide bombings over two years, murdering 330 people.  [10]  Similarly, Wafa Idris, the first female suicide bomber, was a twenty-eight-year-old working for the Palestinian Red Crescent when she was deployed on a suicide mission to Jerusalem in 2002. Her bomb killed one person (in addition to herself), and injured 114.  [11]  While the death toll was low, Idris bombing, carried out for the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, served as an excellent recruitment tool, particularly among women. Indeed, the group s ubsequently established squads of willing female suicide bombers squads actually named for Idris.  [12]  Similarly, during the intifadas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas both witnessed a surge in female bombers Syrian nationalists and Kurdish separatists operate in this way, and women in Uzbekistan, Turkey, Lebanon, and Egypt have also joined the terror ranks.  [13]   Woman: the perfect terrorist? Women make excellent terrorists. Traditionally societys inherently nurturing and non-violent caregivers, females tend to attract less attention from security services and are less prone to be searched, questioned, and interrogated in the way that males are particularly in Muslim societies, which carry particular cultural sensitivities regarding the role of women.  [14]  Testament to this, earlier this month a suicide bomber in Somalia disguised himself as a woman, complete with a veil and a females shoes, before detonating explosives in a crowded Mogadishu hotel.  [15]  And even when women are under suspicion, the capacity may not exist to interrogate them: after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, airport security services struggled to recruit enough female staff to carry out searches of women. One of the overriding attractions of using females for violent ends is, therefore, the slim chance of their attracting suspicion; additionally, even if that suspicion is ther e, the capacity may not exist to stop them. In part because violence against women (and children) is deemed by society to be more abhorrent (due to their supposed greater vulnerability), terrorism carried out by women is also more shocking, as will be discussed later in the paper. Ironically, it is the very weakness that makes women the most appealing/effective victims (in that they elicit wider coverage for the group behind the attack) that appears to make women terrorisms best instigators. Following the 2002 Moscow theatre hostage crisis, which involved female as well as male hostage-takers, one commentator posited that, for a woman to commit terrorism, she must be more fanatical than a male terrorist, and is therefore more terrifying than her male colleagues: For feminine engagement in activities that are so classically male bespeaks a far greater zeal. This is hard to verify, but that his analysis of women and terrorism goes on to note that female Islamists must be especially zealous, given that the reward of virgins awaiting the suicide bomber in heaven holds no appeal for them certainly seems plausible.  [16]  It could then be said that the greater fear elicited by the female extremist adds to her effectiveness as a terrorist. Terrorist groups manipulate and capitalise on the stereotypes of women to suit their violent goals. Suicide bombings in themselves, while still abhorrent, are increasingly commonplace almost weekly, news consumers see coverage of bombings in graphic detail. Terrorists have thus sought out ways to renew the impact of their violence (to which many, particularly in areas not directly impacted by attacks, have become partially desensitised), and the use of women as bombers is symptomatic of this. With most terrorism hinging on the publicity it attracts, groups play into the shock value of using women as human bombs; this elicits the double-shock of both the brutality of the act itself and the notion of someones daughter/mother/sister/wife as the instigator. Summing up the importance of the oxygen publicity affords terrorist organisations,  [17]  Front de Libà ©ration Nationale (FLN) leader Ramdane Abane asks rhetorically, Is it preferable for our cause to kill ten enemies in an oue d [dry riverbed] of Telergma when no one will talk of it, or a single man in Algiers which will be noted the next day by the American press?  [18]   Not only do female terrorists elicit more coverage, boosting both the fear a given attack elicits and the number of potential recruits reached, the type of coverage received is also different from that given to their male colleagues. Coverage of acts committed by women provide[s] more detail about possible motivations of the individual, while actions committed by men [are] explained more often in terms of the groups motivation.  [19]  (My emphasis.) Indeed, female terrorists also increase the likelihood that the social conditions, discrimination, and hardships experienced by a given group will be featured in the news media,  [20]  representing a significant incentive for particular organisations to use women over men. While suicide terrorism exemplifies vividly the impact female terrorists can have, other roles for women in political violence should not be overlooked. In terms of their roles away from the front lines of terrorism, women in extremist organisations were in the past often confined to less-active duties, such as healthcare provision, intelligence gathering, and even maintenance of safe houses for more-active terrorists. Some still do play these roles, and recent studies of terrorism and the internet have unearthed evidence of women now also playing the role of scholar, translating for their male counterparts and interpreting religious texts. In addition, females can boost depleted numbers of combatants, be it by joining the ranks themselves or by providing jihad wombs.  [21]  They also contribute by using their maiden names to open bank accounts (to avoid attracting the attention of antiterrorism agencies), and even raising money for terror groups through charity functions.  [22 ]   Does all this make a woman the perfect terrorist? While women hold many comparative advantages over men eliciting less suspicion, holding greater shock value, and even remaining engaged in terrorism longer than do men on average  [23]   some factors make women less attractive. In the face of stereotypes of women as non-violent wives, sisters, mothers, and daughters, it surprises many to learn that female terrorists are viewed by some as more deadly, in that some security forces deem them less likely to hesitate when carrying out a violent mission. One scholar further posits that women terrorists are possessors of a greater capacity for suffering.  [24]  Reasons for this resoluteness can only be speculated about, but the small variations between genders in why individuals engage in terrorism could be relevant: as will be discussed, vengeance is a particularly strong motivator among female extremists and may serve also to sustain a womans interest, and involvement, in a given cause. Counterterrorism recruits in INTERPOL accordingly even follow a shoot-the-women-first policy.  [25]   Other factors can discourage the use of women by terrorists groups: some members may view women as a threat to group cohesion (many groups lean heavily on male bonding to sustain the dynamic needed to commit violence for a given cause), and certain societies frown upon the use of women in combat roles. However, the overwhelming importance of publicity to terrorism seems to outweigh such concerns regarding female terrorists: women extremists occupy more column inches than do their male counterparts. And, with all terrorism, coverage confers the impression of power something all terrorist groups seek to wield. What motivates women terrorists A recent study of what motivates suicide terrorists found that there was little variation between genders in this regard both men and women tend to engage in terrorism for similar reasons. However, a few important differences in motivation were noted, including, among women, vengeance. Having lost a loved one at the hands of a particular groups perceived enemy, a mother, wife, or sister may be more inclined to join that group, and actively engage in terrorism.  [26]  Wafa Idris felt personally aggrieved by the horrors she witnessed at the Palestinian Red Crescent, by her brothers imprisonment, and at being displaced from Ramallah by Israel. But analysts also cite personal sadnesses she endured, unrelated to her cause, as motivation for her actions: After marriage, Idris had a late miscarriage. The doctors said she could have no more children. Her husbands response was to divorce her and marry again.  [27]  Seldom does one see this type of analysis where male bombers are conc erned; that attacks instigated by females are analysed in greater depth, speaks to the fascination they seem to hold over the media and potential extremists alike. Terrorist recruiters targeting women play into their need to feel involved, which is similar to male-terrorist recruitment, but the reasons for that lack of involvement in society differ. For example, in Central Asia, the Kyrgyz, largely non-violent, terrorist group Hizb-ut-Tabhir (HT), is pursuing the restoration of an Islamic caliphate in the region through allegedly peaceful political means. A recent International Crisis Group report on HT examines why, in a country where women enjoy a secular society and relative equality, they are moved to support HT a movement which appears to marginalise them. The report finds that since Kyrgyzstan, post-independence, lacks a coherent national identity, an Islamic one fills that void. Islams traditional representatives often do not make any appeal to women, whereas HT does, offering both social services and religious education to women. The HT brand of Islam emphasises Islamic sisterhood, and, in conservative areas, where women and girls have few social outlets, gender-segregated HT meetings allow women to mix with other women and reap the benefits of such interactions.  [28]   The type of marginalisation that, in various Western societies, fuelled womens liberation movements, is replaced in other, less-free societies (where rights are fiercely withheld), by the appeal of extremism. Rather than agitation for gender equality, which is notoriously elusive in some societies, a minority of women turn to other causes, which give them a sense of belonging and the opportunity to be involved in the types of groups previously unavailable to them. From these examples particularly that of HT in Kyrgyzstan it is clear that marginalisation by society at large makes individuals more vulnerable to the appeal of extremism. In the case of women specifically, it could be extrapolated that the very marginalisation they experience as a result of gender inequality, is played on by terrorists to bring them into sphere of extremism, increasingly as active participants. As will be discussed, terrorism can seem like a more alluring pursuit to women in those societies where their rights, gender and otherwise, are curtailed perhaps even suicide can seem appealing. But we must note that gender serves as little incentive in itself to commit violence, and neither sex seems moved to carry out terrorist attacks based on gender alone. What should be taken away from these observations is that outlets need be given to empower women in those societies where extremism is most likely to fill the empowerment vacuum. In essence, marginalisation based on gender is something of a force multiplier where fertile ground for extremism already exists. Women as Enablers of Terrorism In number, women are not equal to men, constituting more than half of the world population, and in their traditional roles as mothers, wives, sisters, and girlfriends females may impact every facet of terrorist activity. It is in this that they have been cited as motivation for other terrorists to engage in violence, as well as as reason to disengage, which will be elaborated later on. Women terrorists also appear to reach a wider audience where terrorist recruitment is concerned; the cults of personality female terrorists attract can serve to inspire would-be extremists and build support for a given cause. In their non-violent roles, also, women in specific communities actively recruit terrorists: In Syria, similar to the tactics of HT in Kyrgyzstan, sisterhood organisations proselytise extreme religious doctrine; while, in Pakistan, the mujahidaat are women who engage in collective non-violent endeavors geared towards recruiting and supporting violent extremist groups. In 2008, 1,000 women in Lebanon marched to show their support for Hezbollah; and, in Gaza, women gathered to form a human barrier between Israeli forces and militants hiding in a mosque in 2006.  [29]  These examples of women enabling terrorism and facilitating warfare can be ascribed to the types of discontent that motivate all terrorists, but, for women in societies where their rights are oppressed on the grounds of gender, something further can be inferred: gender equality in other aspects of life would remove a layer of discontent that contributes to terrorism. The cult of personality that the female terrorist seems to attract is also important in the recruitment and inspiration of other terrorists. Indeed, women seem more likely to receive such attention than men, thus further prolonging media interest something on which terrorist groups thrive. Leila Khaled, a Palestinian hijacker with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), drew much public attention for the very fact of her gender.  [30]  Aged just twenty-one years, Khaleds involvement in the 1969 hijacking of a passenger flight received wide coverage, in a way very appealing to terrorist recruiters: Her sexuality was always emphasisedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She is the pin-up of armed struggle; like her hero, Che Guevara, Khaled had the glamour as well as the belief.  [31]  Her role morphed into one of a cultural icon, foreshadowing that of Wafa Idris, who also seemed to fascinate commentators: The Arab press glorified Idris. One Egyptian newspaper compared her to the Mona Lisa, registering her dreamy eyes and the mysterious smile on her lips. Others cited Joan of Arc, or the Virgin Mary.  [32]  Khaled and Idris attracted an entirely different type of media coverage than do their male counterparts. Very rarely if ever do male suicide bombers make headlines based on their physical attractiveness. But the media coverage paid dividends for their respective organisations. Following her death, Idris attracted copycats: more women suicide bombers materialised in the West Bank: One [female suicide bomber], a 21-year-old English-literature student named Darin Aisheh, detonated explosives in her car at a military checkpoint in February, wounding three policemen. Andaleeb Takafka, 20, killed herself and six others, and injured 104 people in April, using explosive tied to her waist. Ayat Akhras, 18, blew herself up outside a Jerusalem bus stop a month earlier.  [33]   In terms of traditional (or non-suicide) terrorism, female role models have also had a place in history. Ulrike Meinhof of the Red Army Faction, active in Germany in the 1970s, famously directed her groups campaign, which, unlike most other terrorist organisations, actually cited womens liberation as a strand of its goals. For many years the most famous female terrorist, Meinhof has been credited with inspiring German terrorism,  [34]  and has been the subject of numerous books and a handful of films. Indeed, in 1981 ten of the fourteen most-wanted terrorists in West Germany were female.  [35]  Bernadette Devlin, a vocal supporter of the Irish Republicanism, became the youngest female Member of the British Parliament (in a high-profile effort to champion Irish independence) and drew much attention, both for the fact of her age and her gender. Like Meinhof, she inspired much interest, even gaining the nickname Fidel Castro in a miniskirt. A biopic about her is in production.  [36]   As well as female suicide bombers spurring imitators, and other female terrorists becoming figureheads for their causes, the actions of women not actually active in terrorism, but rather in encouraging terrorists, can have devastating consequences. Among extremists, suicide bombers are lauded as heroes, in a way deeply disturbing to the moderate majority. As such, some families, mothers in particular, aspire to have their sons sacrificed as martyrs: Families of martyrs are honoured as family members of someone who gave his life to the cause. Many speak of their sons, husbands, or brothers commitment, dedication, and the pride felt by society.  [37]  Indeed, the glamorisation of martyrdom appears to be perpetuated by the families, spouses, and partners, which speaks to both womens role in radicalising moderates and their potential for de-radicalising the extreme. Just as military traditions can span generations within families, with son after father, after grandfather, enlisting i n the armed forces, traditions of extremism can also perpetuate. While men are naturally equally, and perhaps more, guilty of this sort of encouragement (in terms of offspring turning to terrorism) that women are being singled out in counterterrorism for their potential to de-radicalise their husbands, brothers, and sons speaks to the importance of their role in radicalisation. As does the example of Bernadette Devlin, whose experience can perhaps be cited as evidence of the role of families (mothers specifically) in actually enabling their children in the pursuit of extremism: her daughter, Rà ³isà ­n McAliskey, was arrested in Germany in connection with an IRA bombing of a British Army barracks there.  [38]  This speaks to the role of mothers in influencing offspring towards terrorism, and exemplifies what it is that newer counterterrorism programmes seek to prevent. (The roles of women in de-radicalisation and prevention will be examined in the next section of the paper.) Returning to the example of suicide martyrs, male bombers and their families often cite the promise of seventy-two virgin brides awaiting them in heaven upon completing their missions as part of their motivation.  [39]  An attack carried out by al-Qassam in 1994 demonstrates the encouragement families provide to some terrorists: The bombers family and the sponsoring organization celebrate his martyrdom with festivities, as if it were a weddingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Often, the mother will ululate in joy over the honor that Allah has bestowed upon her family.  [40]   Indeed, in different ways, potential terrorists are encouraged by extremist groups and by those in their social network to engage in terrorism, but the differences between the two genders in these respects merit examination. With women holding so much potential in terms of counterterrorism, the exact nature of their role in enabling terrorism should also be better understood. Women as Preventers of Terrorism While women are cited as motivation to enter into violent extremism, much evidence exists of their roles in facilitating disengagement from terrorism and in otherwise thwarting terrorist activity.  [41]  In removing their children from cultures of extremism or preventing their falling prey to extremism in the first place, by becoming intelligence officers, and even as spouses involved in the rehabilitation of extremists, women make very effective counterterrorists. Counterterrorism programmes worldwide are beginning to focus more on softer measures than the military- and police-centred approaches increasingly seen in the aftermath of 11 September 2001, favouring instead de-radicalisation through education and dialogue, as well as increases in aid and poverty-alleviation policies. In these newer de-radicalisation programmes, terrorists and other violent extremists are rehabilitated in various ways, often including education in the true peaceful meanings of religious texts, and ar e usually given a more solid grounding in social networks removed from their previous extremist affiliations. In this section, examples of extant terrorism-prevention and terrorist-rehabilitation programmes with women at their centres are examined. Given that the group dynamic afforded by terrorist organisations for individual members often replaces that persons family, strengthened family and relationship ties can help facilitate a persons disengagement from a particular cause, i.e., to provide them with a non-violent, appealing alternative to terrorism. Indeed, Bjà ¸rgo and others highlight the importance of avoiding a social vacuum, when a terrorist repents, and women can play a fundamental role in this.  [42]  In his study of what moves right-wing extremists to de-radicalise, he asserts that gaining and upholding family commitments, including getting a girlfriend (or boyfriend), are among the strongest motives for leaving a cause behind.  [43]  As such, programmes exist to facilitate not just finding employment, but entering into marriage, all as part of the rehabilitation of violent extremists.  [44]   A Moroccan initiative that focuses on women, recruiting them as messengers to present the moderate mainstream Islam as a counterweight to fundamentalist ideology, has met with some success. Spearheaded by the Moroccan King, the initiative seeks to feminize the face of Islam, in order to provide an enlightened alternative to the extremist, often misrepresented brand of Islam terrorist groups employ.  [45]   In Saudi Arabia, a counterterrorism scheme called the Saudi Counselling Programme, has been the most successful and expansive of its kind, and Christopher Boucek posits that this is due in part to its being rooted in respect for cultural and religious traditions.  [46]  It could be extrapolated from this that women, as central figures in every culture, could hold the key to developing societal answers to a given societys terrorism problem, or at least to grounding each initiative in the appropriate culture. A spate of new programmes centred on mothers preventing the radicalisation of their children supports thi

Sacred Spaced Ap Art History

Throughout history, monuments have been built to show power, wealth, and even conquest. Depending on a cultures value and tradition, the types of monuments can vary from era to era. However, the construction of sacred monuments has predated from the times of the start of civilization in Mesopotamia to even modern day. People have always created buildings to show their faith, and to honor their gods. In Ashokan India and ancient Greece, the creation of sacred spaces was very common. The creation of the Great Stupa in India and the Parthenon in Greece both were built for the honor and worship for the respective god and goddess for both nationIn India during the rule of the Buddhist ruler Ashoka, the Great Stupa of Sanchi was commissioned. The Great Stupa was considered to be one of the greatest monasteries patriotisms to Buddhism. Even though it can be dated back to Ashoka’s reign, its consists of many buildings and parts that was made overtime and well beyond the time period of Ashoka. The dome of the stupa is roughly fifty feet high and is filled with earth and rubble. The stupa would hold relics of the Buddha himself where the people of india would come to as a pilgrimage.The people of India would enter through the gateways of the stupa, walk down a path called the lower circumambulation, and climb up the stairs to the secon level to walk the second circumambulation of the stupa. Buddhist ventured the relics of Buddha through circumambulations, which was walking around the stupa in a clockwise manner, following the path of the sun and brining the worshiper into harmony with the universe. The Great Stupa itself had more than six hundred inscriptions showing the donations of hundreds of individuals that made the building of the stupa possible.Ancient Greece was also known for extravagant temples honoring their Gods. The Acropolis found in Athens is another example of elevation in attempt to get closer to the divinity. The Parthenon was built for Athena, t he city’s patron goddess and also the goddess of War. The Greeks built this large temple to thank Athena for the Salvation of Athens after their victory in the Persian War. Inside, there once stood a thirty-eight foot high statue of Athena with a winged Nike in her hand. On her sandal, there was a depiction of the centauromachy. On her shield were scenes of both the amazonomachy and he gigantomachy. All of these were battles the Gods fought in during the Persian War. The columns of the temple surrounded the statue in a symmetrical way that emphasized Athena’s importance as the centerpiece. On the outside of the temple were about ninety different metopes depicting gods and goddesses and a 590 foot frieze on the inside. Greeks were proud of the Parthenon, not only because it was considered a piece of art, but because it was also significant of their victory over Persia. They worshipped to Athena all over the Acropolis and also sacrificed animals such as oxen, goats and s heep.Sometimes worship was held in the form of social festivities honoring Athena. Sacred sites were greatly influenced by the cultures of each era, and had a impact on the lives of the people. The Great Stupa, which was open to all of India, attracted many buddhists and was a center for prayer. In ancient Greece, the Parthenon was used to worship athens main deity, Athena, and served as a place of worship to other gods as well. It was placed on a higher surface to show its importance, and the Great Stupa engraved inscriptions of the people who donated to the construction of the temple to show appreciation.